Regulating device for electric machines



1954 J. M. PESTARINI 2,686,288

REGULATING DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES Filed Sept. 25, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

A 1954 J. M. PESTARINI 2,686,288

REGULATING DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES Filed Sept. 23, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 as f . IN VENT 0R.

Patented Aug. 10, 1954 REGULATING DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC MACHIN Joseph Maximus Pestarini, Staten Island, N. Y. Application September 23, 1948, Serial No. 50,735

7 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a system for regulating the power supply of direct or alternating current machines.

An object of this invention is to provide a system which includes a set of dynamo electric machines, some of which are adapted to create a voltage proportional to the voltage of the power supply while others of which are adapted to create a voltage proportional to the current of the power supply.

Another object of this invention is to provide in a system of the character described, interrelated electrical machines which are adapted for continuous operation and permit one of the machines to have a performance involving the use of any arbitrarily defined linear combination of voltage and current.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a system embodying the invention; Fig, 2 shows a modification thereof; Fig. 3 shows details of construction of an electrical machine forming a part of the invention; Fig. 4 shows a modification of the invention involving the use of an alternator; Fig. 5 is a vector diagram relating to the operation of the system shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 shows a further modification of the invention.

Referring in detail to the drawings, in Fig. l, I designates a dynamo electric machine having an armature with terminals T, T and an excita tion field winding 3. An auxiliary dynamo 2, for creating an arbitrarily determined voltage, includes a shunt connected exciting field winding 8. The dynamo 2 is adapted to be driven at constant speed by an alternating current machine 42 which may be supplied with three phase current of constant frequency. The dynamo 2 is connected in opposed relation to a dynamo machine The machine 4| includes a field winding 43 which is connected across the terminals T, T.

A dynamo electric machine ID of the amplifier metadyne type is connected between the field windings 3 and 43. The machine I0 comprises an armature provided with a pair of short circuited primary brushes a, c, and a pair of secondary brushes b, d, which are series connected with windings 3, 43. The machine I0, which may be driven by machine I, is more fully described in Patent 2,112,604 and British Patent 420,167. The machine I0 further includes a stator winding I2 which is connected to a terminal of machine M and a terminal of dynamo 2.

Such an arrangement is of particular value when the voltage of machine I is high compared to the voltage produced by dynamo 2. A difierential or regulating current resulting from any difference between the arbitrarily defined voltage produced by dynamo 2 and the voltage induced by machine 4| and proportional to the actual voltage produced by machine I, traverses the winding I2 of machine I0 to control the output thereof, thereby regulating the input to the winding 3 of machine I. In this manner the operation of machine I is elfectively regulated.

The machine I0 may be alternatively driven by machine 42 or by other suitable means. In lieu of constant frequency alternating current, a direct current shunt excited, non-saturated machine may be used since such machine will rotate at substantially constant speed even if the direct current source supplies a voltage varying between limits of 25% difierence.

In the system shown in Fig. 2, the dynamo machine I has its field winding 3 energized by an exciter dynamo I3 which is connected across the secondary brushes 1), d of machine H). The shunt field winding I4 of dynamo I3 is connected in the secondary brush circuit of machine I0. The dynamo 2, which provides a reference voltage of an arbitrary value, is connected across the terminals T, T or" the machine I, and is driven by a motor 5 having shunt winding 6 and which is energized by means of a battery I6. Another dynamo I'!, which is coupled to dynamo 2, includes a field excitation winding I 5 which is connected across the terminals of machine I. The armature of dynamo I7 is connected in series with the armature of dynamo 2. A switch 35 is provided in a conductor connecting one terminal of machine I and one terminal of dynamo 2. A second switch 35 is inserted in a conductor connecting the last mentioned terminal of dynamo 2 and the other terminal of machine I.

Assuming that the switch 36 is closed and switch 35 is opened, then the dynamo 2 which produces an arbitrary voltage and the dynamo I! which produces a voltage proportional to the current of machine I, are connected in series and form a system which is connetced in opposed relation to the terminals of machine I. The magnetic circuit of dynamo I! is assumed to be unsaturated and therefore, the voltage induced by the system comprising dynamos 2, Il, between points indicated as P and Q is an arbitrarily defined linear combination of an arbitrarily defined voltage and current of the machine I. If the voltage actually induced by machine I between points P, Q, is equal to the above mentioned combination, no regulating current will be induced. If the two opposed voltages at points accepts P, Q, are different, a large regulating current will be induced for even a small difierence in the opposed voltages. Such regulating current is adapted to traverse the stator winding !2 of machine II). The actual voltage of machine I, in opposition to the sum of the voltages induced by machines 2, I1, thus produces the regulating current which is adapted to regulate the operation of the exciter dynamo I3, through the winding I4 thereof which in turn regulates the operation of machine I.

In order to assure the operation of motor 5 at constant speed, an auxiliary-fieldexcitation wind '5 is connected in series with the battery 16 and the armature of the motor, thus correcting for any voltage variations in 'thebattery. The winding 1 may be set to induce a voltage compensating the ohmic drop in the armature circuit of the motor 5. The magnetic circuit of the motor 3 is assumed as being completely unsaturated.

:In addition to the main, shunt connected excitation fieldwinding 8 on dynamo 2, an auxiliary series connected excitation winding 9 is: provided for inducing a voltage compensating the ohmic drop in the external circuit of dynamo 2. This arrangement increases the precision of control of the system.

. Assuming that switch 36'isopened and switch 354s closed, then the dynamos 2 and H. are op- .posed to sone;anotherxatpoints indicated as P and Q. 'Inthis. case, the voltage induced by the dynamo H, which is proportional to the current oflmachine I, must balance at. any moment, the

varbitarily-derlned voltagetinduced by dynamo '2. Even a small discrepancy between the opposed voltages willicreate a regulating current which traverses the stator winding I2 and thereby correct the field excitation 3 of themachine -I. Thus'thecurrent of machine I is controlled except-for .the'small variation from the desired value necessaryior creating. the correctregulating current.

In:lieu of motor 5, a synchronous motor-which is energized froma suitable network of' constant frequency current, may be used.

As shown in Fig. 3, the armature of dynamo 2 maybe provided with a-pair of brushes k, 1 for connection to terminals T',:"l." and a second variableand dependent on 't-heload'of dynamo 2. -A.similar arrangement may be used with motor 3.

An alternator I I may be controlled/in accordance with the invention, as shown in Fig. 4.

The dynamo 2,--which comprises'field windings .8, 9, is adapted to produce a reference voltage,

aspreviously described and'is connected across the" dynamo IT. The dynamo 2 isdriven by a :snychronous motor 22 which is adapted to be "energized from a network having a constant ireouency. The dynamo 'Il which is adapted to supply a voltage proportional to the current of alternator II, includes an excitation winding I5 \which is energized by the output'of a rectifier bridge 26. Input current for bridge "2fiis supplied by an angularly displaceable winding 29*of a transformer 21, the 'fixedwindingZBof which-is connected in one -of the supply linesof alternator I I. In this way, dynamo II is adapted to induce v-a "voltage proportional to the intensity of the current supplied by the. alternator and the factor of bridge '2 5' is'supplied by -the s'e'condary winding of a transformer 24, whose primary winding is connected across a pair of terminals of the alternator II. A switch 31 is inserted in the circuit gof field winding I 8, and similarly, a switch 35 is inserted in the circuit of field winding I5. It is apparent, that when the switch 3'! is closed, the

"dynamo-I g'pro'duces a voltage proportional to the 1 actual voltage ofthe alternator I I. The dynamos I'I, I9 are driven by a synchronous motor 23.

ll-switch 34 is inserted between a terminal of dynamo I1 and a terminal of dynamo I9. An-

- other switch 35 .5152: inserted; between sthe :other terminal ofcldynamof I? and ithe: other-terminal of dynamo I9. Assuming that switches and 1 3! areclosed while switches'35 and 36 .are opened,

then' d-ynamo 2 which is connected across dynamos I! and Z19, :is in opposed relation;.to dynamo I9 at points P, Q. 'InEthis'. case a. slight difference between V the opposed voltages" will create a regulatingrcurrent which is adapted to traverse the stator winding' i2 of 2a. dynamo machine It of the metadyne type, .as' previously described, the winding .12 being. connected between one-terminal of dynamo 2. andone: terminal of dynamoIQ. The machine It .suppliesithrough its secondary brushes b, chi-current for a. stator winding H of a second dynamomachinefit, also of the amplifier metadynetype previously referredto. The secondary brushes b; d of machine 2E] provide current for "the field winding oithe Y alternator I I.

Thus; the systemv provides 'voltage regulating means which is operative to cause the alternator I I to create an arbitrarily defined-voltage except for a slight departure therefrom for inducingthe regulator current. When the switches 3 3? are opened and switches- 355 35 are closed, then-the dynamo 2' is connected inopposed relation to dynamo I1 at points P, Q- 'andthe system is' then adapted to regulate the current of the alternator. Assuming finally,"th'at switches 36; 3"? are closed while switches" '34," 35am open, then-the. dynamo IQ-isconnected in' opposed -relation to the system constituted by the series connected dynamos 2, I! and thereby-induce at points P; a v'oltage which isa" linear'combination 'of "the arbitrary voltage of dynamd 2- and 'thevoltage proportionalto' the current induced by the dynamo In this case, the voltage of the alternator ea. represents the voltage -at the "end ofa transmission line: with -ab 'representing the voltage drop due to the impedance of the line itself. Assuming 1 that it is desired to have "the K voltage 0a constantfithen 'the' alternator -'I I* must-induce a -voltage indicated by' the vector ob whi'ch is variable with" the load'and precisely varying with the *intensity 'ofthe current represented by the vector od.' The lag is indicated by the afigleB,

The system ofFig'. i -may be used for controlling the vol-tage 'of the alternator "I I. 'In"'this case, a

segment oh 'of the' voltage ob' equ'alsthe voltage oa,'then the voltage ob to be induced by the alternator H may be considered, substantially as the sum of the constant voltage oh and the voltage hb proportional to the voltage drop ab along the transmission line, providing the angular lag B remains practically constant.

The diagram of Fig. 5 indicates that in the system shown in Fig. 4, the transformer 27 may be utilized to readily take into account the angular lag B of the current with respect to, the voltage, by manipulation of the angularly displaceable member 29 of the transformer.

A number of dynamo electric machines of the metadyne type having special characteristics making them suitable for use in the systems of the instant invention, are disclosed in the prior art. The machine 20, as shown in Fig. 4 is provided with a stator winding 3| which is adapted to compensate the secondary armature reaction. Another stator winding 32 associated with machine 20, is energized by the secondary winding of a transformer 33. The primary Winding of transformer 33 is inserted in the secondary brush circuit of the machine 20 and the field winding of the alternator II. The winding 32 has an anti-hunting action which is more fully described in Patent 2,203,544. The action of the compensating winding 3| is more fully described in the British Patent 420,167.

Fig. 6 shows a system embodying the invention and illustrates a modification thereof. Here, the voltage and current of a generator 6| of the metadyne type, is regulated. The generator includes an armature provided with a pair of short circuited primary brushes a, c and a pair of secondary brushes b, d. The brushes b, d are connected to output terminals T, T. The machine 6| further includes a stator or excitation winding 65 which is energized by a dynamo electric machine of the amplifier metadyne type. The machine II] is provided with an armature having a pair of short circuited primary brushes (2, 0, associated therewith and a pair of secondary brushes '0, (1 connected to stator winding 65. The machine I9 is further provided with a control stator Winding 38 which is energized through a battery 46 and controlled by a rheostat 39, and a second stator winding l2, for the purpose hereinafter appearing.

The machine It) is driven by a synchronous motor 22 which also drives a dynamo 2 having a field winding 8, a dynamo I? having a field winding l5 connected between terminal T and brush b of generator BI, and a dynamo 50 having a field exciting winding 5| connected across the brushes 1), d of generator 6|.

The dynamo 2 is adapted to produce an arbitrary reference voltage, as previously described. The dynamo i7 is adapted to produce a voltage proportional to the current of generator 6|, since the field winding I5 is connected to the secondary brushes of the generator.

A switch 52 is provided for short circuiting the field winding l5. A switch 53 is connected across the terminals of dynamo II. A switch 54 is connected on one side of the armature of dynamo 56 while another switch 55 is connected on the other side of the dynamo armature. A switch 56 is connected between brush 2) of generator 6! and field winding 5|.

Assuming that switches 52, 53, 54, and 56 are open while switch 55 is closed, then the dynamo 2 is connected in opposed relation to dynamo l1 and the system controls the current of the gen- 6 erator 6| and causes the same to be proportional to the reference voltage of dynamo 2.

Assuming that the switch 55 is opened and switches 52, 53, 54 and 56 are closed, then the dynamo 2 is connected in opposed relation to dynamo 56 and induces a voltage proportional to the voltage supplied by secondary brushes of the generator. Accordingly, the system will control the current of the generator in a manner as to cause the voltage supplied by the generator to be proportional to the reference voltage of the dynamo 2.

Assuming further, that the switches 52, 53 and 55 are open while the switches 54, 56 are closed, then the dynamo I1 is connected in opposed relation to a system comprising the series connected dynamos 2, 50. In this case, the system will control the current of the generator 6| and will cause the same to be equal to a linear combination of an arbitrary voltage and the voltage induced by the generator between its secondary brushes. i

In order to further reduce the small variation of the current or the voltage supplied by the generator from the desired value, the ampere turns of the stator winding 38 is preferably set at a value equal to the average value of the ampere turns that would have been created by the regulating current traversing the stator winding l2 of the machine [0, if the winding 38 had been omitted. The setting of winding 38 is accomplished by means of rheostat 39.

The voltage produced by dynamo 2 may be a constant voltage or a voltage following any other arbitrarily defined law appropriate to any special application under consideration.

It is understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings, is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a. limiting sense.

I claim:

1. A power system comprising a generator having an excitation circuit, means for controlling the output of said generator comprising dynamo means for producing a voltage proportional to the output voltage of said generator, a dynamo having an excitation winding in circuit with the generator output for inducing a voltage proportional to the output current of said generator, a second dynamo for producing an arbitrary voltage, said dynamo means and said first mentioned dynamo being connected in series with each other, said second mentioned dynamo being connected in opposition to said interconnected dynamo means and said first mentioned dynamo to provide a control current, means for amplifying said control current and supplying said amplified control current to said excitation circuit.

2. A power system comprising a generator having an excitation circuit, means for controlling the output of said generator comprising a dynamo for producing an arbitrary voltage, a second dynamo having an excitation winding in circuit with the generator output for producing a voltage proportional to the output voltage of said generator, and a third dynamo having an excitation winding in circuit with the generator output for producing a voltage proportional to the output current of said generator, said second and third mentioned dynamos being connected in series with each other and said first mentioned dynamo being connected in opposition to said series connected dynamos to provide a control current, means for amplifying the control ourrent and supplying said amplified cuii 'ent to said excitation circuit; 4

35 A power syste'ni as in claim' z andfurther including means fdr' regulating the 'current sui plied to said last mentioned excitatiin I winding 4.-A power system comprising a generator =in'= cliiding an armatu-r'e provided-with a' pair' of" brushes providing an output-circuit "and-"a statorwinding, means for controlling the" oi-itpiit wit cuit'of saidgenerator'compi'ising a dynamo hav ing- 'an excitation-'- wi'n'ding connected across saidpair of brushes, a second dynamo having aneircitation winuing-eonnecteain series with saidpair ofbPu'sh'ea and adapted to produce a-voitagepro-' por-tional to thecurrent of said output circuitfia" third dyn'a-mo connected in circuit witl'i said first and second mentioned dynamics and adaptedto induce an arbitrary voltage, means ior selectively providing-said stator winding with acontrol cur-'- rent including switch' mean's' fonconnecting said third "and se'cond m'ention'ed dynamos in opp'osh tion to each other whereby to produce a control current, means-for amplifying i said control I current and-supplyingsaid'control cur-rent to said stator winding whereby the current-of said' output circuit will be proportional to said-arbitrary voltage, switch means-for connectingsaid first and third mentioned *dy-nanios in opposition toeach'otherwhereby topr'oduce a controlcurrent; said control current-being adapted tobe amplified by said amplifying means and suppiied to said stator winding whereby the volta'ge 'of said out-- put circuit will be proportional to'said arbitrary voltage and switch meansfor connecting saidfirst and third mentioned dynam'os inseries with each other and connecting said second mentioned dynamo in opposition tosaid'serie's' connected dynamos whereby-to induce a control current adapted'to be amplified by said amplifying means and supplied to said stator winding-whereby the current of said output circuit will be equal to-a linear combination of i said arbitrary voltage and the voltageinducedbetween said pair of brushes.

5.-A' powersystemasset forth in" clairii '1, wherein said" amplifying means comprises a dynamo electric machine having an-armatur'e provided with a pair *ofbrushes; and apair of stato'r windings, said brushes beingconnected insaid excit'ation'circuit; one of said's'tator windings" being adapted to be" supplied *with saidcon'trolcurrent, means for energizing the other nf-said' stator windings *to provide*ainpere-turnsequalsubstantially to the avera e valueoi the ampereturnsjprovided by the first mentioned statorwind ing -ili the absence Of Said seconumentioned stator":

winding.

- 6.-'-A power: system comprising-an alternatorp said alternator having afield winding,-means-forcontrolling the output of sa'id al-ternator 'comprisinga dynamoincludingan excitation winding and adapted to produce a voltage 'proportional to-the our nt of the output of said alternator, a second dynanio including an-excitation winding andadapted to pro'duc'ea voltage proportionalto the voltage of the output of said alter ri'ator andwi rectifier: means in circuit with said transformer secondarywindi'ng and the excitation winding of said first mentioned dynamo; rectifier 'means in circuit with the output of said alternator-and the excitation winding ot said-' second mentioned dynamo; switch "means for selectively inte'r'connesting said dynainos in selected opposed' relation'ships thereof wherebyto produce control currents, and nieans-'for "amplifying said control currents and'suppl'ying said amplified currents to the field winding of said alternator; i

'7. A power system comprising a generator having an excitation circuit, means for controlling the gener a'tor output comprising a dynamo having an excitation wind-inglin circuit with the generator'output andresponsive' to an electrical characteristic of said output, to provide a voltage proportional to' said electrical -characte'risticfia second-dynamo for producing "an arbitrary voltage connected in opposition to said fi'rst dynamo;

circuit means connecting said dynamos to pro-' vide a resultant control current and means foi amplifying said control current and supplying said amplified control current to-said enerator excitation circuit;

References Cited inthe meet this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 746,69? l-iallberg Dec. 15, 1903- 1352339 Schon se t..14, 1920' 2,407,476 Crever Sept. 10,1946 

